Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes of the marginal periodontium in patients with Turner syndrome.

Turner syndrome (TS) is characterized by partial or complete loss of a sexual chromosome, resulting in an incomplete development of the body, gonadic failure, cardiac and renal abnormalities, oro-dental changes, etc. In our study, we proposed to perform a histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) study of the periodontium changes in patients with TS. The biological material under study was represented by fragments of gingival mucosa harvested from 18 patients with TS who presented advanced periodontal lesions and required dental extractions. The fragments of gingival mucosa were processed by the classical histological technique of paraffin inclusion, subsequently the obtained sections being stained by the Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and examined under the optical microscope. For the IHC study, there were performed serial sections incubated with anti-cluster of differentiation (CD) 3, anti-CD20 and anti-CD68 antibodies for highlighting immune cells, as well as with anti-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and anti-MMP8 antibodies for highlighting MMPs (MMP2 and MMP8) involved in the periodontal tissue lesions. In the present study, during the histological examination, there were observed morphological changes, both in the epithelium and in the gingival mucosa chorion. Epithelial changes consisted in the onset of acanthosis processes, in the thickening of the epithelium due to the increase of the spinous layer, as well as in the parakeratosis phenomenon. In the chorion, there was observed the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in various stages, presence of fibrosis (extended in some cases) and the presence of an important vascularization in some cases, with a high number of immunocompetent cells involved in the inborn immune response, but also in the adaptive one, as well as a more or less intense immunoexpression of MMP2 and MMP8. Our study suggests that TS may contribute to the development of some inflammatory processes in the marginal periodontium.

Somatostatin receptors in normal and acromegalic somatotroph cells: the U-turn of the clinician to immunohistochemistry report - a review.

This is a narrative review of literature introducing somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) as part of understanding the somatotroph cells since they are positive in normal cells but also in tumoral cells as seen in somatotropinoma, a growth hormone (GH)-producing neoplasia, which causes acromegaly. They are five subtypes of SSTRs (1 to 5), which are immunohistochemically positive in different proportions in somatotropinomas. SSTR types 2 and 5 are most frequent in GH-secreting adenomas and they are both targeted by medical therapy with somatostatin analogues (SSTAs) like first generation Octreotide and Lanreotide (mainly targeting SSTR2) and second generation Pasireotide (with highest affinity for SSTR5), thus heterogeneous SSTRs configuration into the tumor explains different pattern of response to treatment and it might predict it once the SSTRs immunostaining is performed. Monoclonal antibodies are used for immunohistochemical detection of SSTRs; currently, a lack of standardization is presented, and scoring systems, such as Volante, H-score or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-score, are applied. Immunoreactive markers like SSTRs are the U-turn in clinical practice regarding somatotropinomas since the configuration of subtypes 2 and 5 explains the responsiveness to medical therapy like SSTA. Further achievement of disease control is imperiously necessary because acromegaly has an increased rate of morbidity and mortality.

Biological Evaluation of Two 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives Against a Breast Human Adenocarcinoma Cell Line.

Two novel 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives containing salicylic acid and procaine moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity in vitro. The antiproliferative effect was assayed against MDA-MB-231 cells, a human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, using CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. Both compounds tested proved a growth inhibition effect on this cell line in a dose-dependent manner. Our results showed that the compound with procaine effectively reduces breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells viability and proliferation at higher concentration while that with salicylic acid had an inhibitory effect at lower concentrations and might be tested as an anticancer agent.

Immunoexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor in gingival mucosa with papilloma and condyloma acuminata.

UNLABELLED: The histological changes of the oral mucosa in contact with a metal alloy dentures is one of the current issues widely debated in the literature. AIM: To highlight the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human paraprosthetic gingival mucosa exposed to nickel and copper compounds using the immunohistochemical technique. The selected participants were wearers of fixed dentures made of nickel-based alloys and copper-based alloys. The gingival mucosa fragments were prelevated through excision after removing fixed denture and extraction one of its affected teeth. The gingival mucosa fragments were processed through the histological technique of paraffin inclusion. The paraffin-embedded tissue sections were usually stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin and processed by immunohistochemical technique with VEGF antibody. The gingival mucosa fragments from nickel-based alloys dentures wearers were diagnosed with papilloma and, also, gingival mucosa samples prelevated from copper-based alloys dentures wearers were diagnosed with condyloma acuminata. Immunohistochemical reaction for VEGF was different in the gingival mucosa fragments with papilloma compared with condyloma acuminata samples. In papillomatosis gingival mucosa fragments, VEGF was implicated in principal in vasodilatation and inflammation process, and secondary in angiogenesis. In gingival mucosa fragments with condyloma acuminata, the principal role of VEGF was in angiogenesis and secondary in inflammation.

Immunohistochemical aspects of apoptosis in gingival mucosa with papilloma and condyloma acuminata.

The oral mucosa is a component of the oral ecosystem, which can be aggressed by corrosion products released from the dental alloys used in prosthetic dentistry therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vivo effect of nickel and copper compounds on the oral mucosa cells, including their ability to induce cell death, by analyzing the cytochrome c (cyt. c) immunohistochemical expression. Gingival mucosa fragments obtained from the subjects with dentures manufactured by nickel or copper casting alloys were processed through the histological technique of paraffin inclusion. The sections obtained were stained by usually histological methods in order to highlight the histopathological lesions and also analyzed using the immunohistochemical technique in order to study the cyt. c expression. The papillomatosis lesions were observed in the gingival mucosa fragments obtained from the subjects with nickel-based alloy dentures and the condyloma acuminata lesions were observed in those obtained from the subjects with copper-based alloy dentures. The cyt. c immunohistochemical expression was different in the epithelial layer of two types of mucosal fragments but it was the same in their lamina propria connective tissue. We can conclude that the two types of metal alloys have different effects on the adjacent gingival mucosa.